1. 美國站群服務(wù)器中匿名用戶的ftp服務(wù)
確認已經(jīng)安裝vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================
Package           Arch              Version                    Repository       Size
======================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd            x86_64            3.0.2-25.el7               vase            171 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 171 k
Installed size: 353 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                         1/1
 Verifying  : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                         1/1
Installed:
 vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7                                                        
Complete!

美國站群服務(wù)器中修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
12 anonymous_enable=YES #是否允許匿名用戶訪問ftp
29 anon_upload_enable=YES #取消注釋 表示匿名用戶可以上傳文件
33 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES#取消注釋  表示匿名用戶可以創(chuàng)建目錄
創(chuàng)建目錄 用戶驗證（匿名用戶在ftp服務(wù)的根目錄是/var/ftp/ 也就是說 匿名用戶登陸ftp服務(wù)之后 如果執(zhí)行cd / 那么它其實是切換到了ftp服務(wù)器的/var/ftp目錄）
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/one
[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/ftp/one/a.txt
啟動服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
處理防火墻和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
客戶端驗證
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep ftp
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ftp
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.20.132
Connected to 192.168.20.132 (192.168.20.132).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.20.132:root): ftp #匿名用戶登陸 此處寫ftp
331 Please specify the password.
Password:  #不輸入密碼  直接回車
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,20,132,254,180).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0              19 May 07 07:51 one
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0               6 Oct 30  2018 pub
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> ls /  #此處可以驗證前邊的說法 匿名用戶的根目錄就是/var/ftp
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,20,132,238,71).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0              19 May 07 07:51 one
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0               6 Oct 30  2018 pub
226 Directory send OK.
驗證匿名用戶是否有創(chuàng)建目錄的權(quán)限
ftp> mkdir /one/two
550 Create directory operation failed. #創(chuàng)建目錄失敗

解決辦法如下
原因： 服務(wù)器端/var/ftp目錄的屬主不是ftp用戶 需要改過來
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 adm
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root   44 Mar 14 15:49 cache
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Aug  8  2019 crash
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   34 Mar 14 15:49 db
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   18 Mar 14 15:48 empty
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root   28 May  7 15:51 ftp
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R ftp /var/ftp/one
改完屬主 再次測試
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.20.132
Connected to 192.168.20.132 (192.168.20.132).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.20.132:root): ftp
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir /one/two
257 "/one/two" created
ftp> ls one
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,20,132,152,32).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 14       0               0 May 07 07:51 a.txt
drwx------    2 14       50              6 May 07 08:12 two
226 Directory send OK.

2. 基于本地用戶驗證的ftp服務(wù)
修改配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
16 local_enable=YES #運行本地用戶登陸ftp服務(wù)
101 chroot_local_user=YES# 取消注釋 表示將本地用戶限制在根目錄(本地用戶在ftp服務(wù)中的根目錄是本地 用戶的家目錄 如果不進行限制 本地用戶登陸ftp服務(wù)之后 可以在服務(wù)器的任何一個目錄 隨意游走 不安全)
102 allow_writeable_chroot=YES #新添加的 表示 將用戶限制在根目錄后 允許其有可寫的權(quán)限
服務(wù)端添加本地用戶 用于驗證
[root@localhost ~]# useradd usera
[root@localhost ~]# passwd usera
Changing password for user usera.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
在用戶家目錄創(chuàng)建文件 用戶后續(xù)驗證
[root@localhost ~]# touch /home/usera/a.txt
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/usera/one
重啟服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
在客戶端驗證本地用戶的ftp
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.20.132
Connected to 192.168.20.132 (192.168.20.132).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.20.132:root): usera #此處寫剛才添加的普通用戶usera
331 Please specify the password.
Password: #此處寫usera的密碼
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls #查看ftp根目錄下的文件有哪些
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,20,132,46,190).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0               0 May 07 08:27 a.txt
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0               6 May 07 08:27 one
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> mkdir two #創(chuàng)建目錄
257 "/two" created
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